Which of the following instruments provides pilots with altitude information?

The instrument that provides pilots with altitude information is the altimeter. This device measures the atmospheric pressure and converts it to an altitude reading, allowing pilots to determine how high their aircraft is above sea level or the ground. As the aircraft ascends or descends, the altimeter detects changes in air pressure and adjusts the altitude reading accordingly.

Other instruments, while important for different aspects of flight, do not provide altitude information. The speedometer measures the rate of speed of the aircraft, the compass indicates the direction the aircraft is heading, and the attitude indicator shows the orientation of the aircraft in terms of pitch and roll relative to the horizon. Thus, the altimeter is the essential instrument for altitude awareness, making it vital for safe navigation and operation of the aircraft.