What is the primary purpose of flaps during takeoff and landing?

The primary purpose of flaps during takeoff and landing is to increase lift. Flaps extend from the wing's trailing edge and change the wing's shape, allowing it to generate more lift at lower speeds. This is particularly important during takeoff and landing phases of flight, where the aircraft is operating at relatively low airspeeds and needs a higher lift-to-drag ratio to maintain safe flight. By increasing lift, flaps enable the aircraft to take off and land at steeper angles without stalling, providing pilots with better control and safety margins during these critical phases of flight.

While improving rolling motion, decreasing drag, and stabilizing the aircraft are also important aspects of aircraft performance, they are not the primary function of flaps. The focus during takeoff and landing is largely on achieving sufficient lift to support the aircraft as it transitions from ground to air and safely returns to the ground.