What is the primary purpose of aircraft flaps?

The primary purpose of aircraft flaps is to improve aerodynamic efficiency and control during takeoff and landing. Flaps are adjustable surfaces on the wings that, when extended, increase the wing's surface area and curvature, allowing the aircraft to generate additional lift at lower speeds. This is particularly vital during takeoff and landing phases of flight when the aircraft operates at slower speeds where lift is crucial for safe operation.

By deploying flaps, pilots can achieve the necessary lift required for takeoff at a shorter distance and maintain controllability at lower airspeeds during landing. The increased lift also allows the aircraft to maintain a steeper angle of descent without stalling, giving pilots the ability to approach and land more safely and effectively. Flaps do not enhance cruising speed or increase fuel consumption; rather, they are critical for managing the aircraft's lift and drag at critical flight phases.