What does the dihedral angle refer to in wings?

The dihedral angle refers specifically to the angle formed when the wings are inclined upward relative to the horizontal plane of the aircraft. This design feature is critical for enhancing the aircraft's stability during flight. A positive dihedral angle helps to ensure that if the aircraft experiences a roll, the lifted wing will rise, while the descending wing will experience a decrease in lift, promoting a natural tendency to return to level flight.

This upward tilt is not merely about aesthetics or design but plays a significant role in aerodynamic efficiency, passive stability, and overall handling characteristics of the aircraft. It allows for improved lift distribution and contributes to smoother flight dynamics, which are crucial for both stability and control during various phases of flight.