How do jet engines generate thrust?

Jet engines generate thrust primarily through the process of compressing air, mixing it with fuel, and then igniting the mixture. This high-speed exhaust creates a forward thrust in accordance with Newton’s Third Law of Motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

In a jet engine, outside air is drawn in and compressed to a high pressure in the compressor stage. Once this air is compressed, it enters the combustion chamber where fuel is introduced and ignited. The explosive expansion of this combustion process creates hot gases that rapidly exit through the turbine and exhaust nozzle. This rapid expulsion of gases at the back of the engine generates thrust, propelling the aircraft forward.

This method of thrust generation is efficient, particularly at high altitudes and speeds, which is why jet engines are the standard for commercial and military aviation. Understanding this fundamental mechanism is crucial for grasping how various aircraft achieve and maintain flight.